"Sexual behavior is not only of basic biological
importance, but of central social importance. Not only does it
perpetuate the human species, but it is the central behavior around
which families are formed and defined, a vital aspect of the
psychological well-being of individuals, and a component of a variety of
social problems. Among current concerns tied in part to sexual behavior
are the familial problems of marital harmony and divorce; criminal
problems of rape, incest, child molestation, and prostitution;
reproductive problems of infertility, sterility, unwanted and mistimed
pregnancies, and abortion; and health problems related to sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs).
About 17% of adults 18-59 have had an STD and the lifetime infection
rate is likely to be over 20%. Moreover, with the advent of AIDS the
medical problem of STDs has taken on increasing urgency. Deaths from
AIDS rose at a rapid pace in the 1980s and early 1990s. By 1992 AIDS had
become the number one cause of death among men 25-44. Only recent
improvements in medical treatments have curbed the rising levels of HIV
to AIDS conversions and lowered the death rate from AIDS. Most HIV
infections have resulted from sexual behavior and heterosexual
intercourse is increasingly becoming a mode of transmission
Because of both the importance of sexual behavior in general and the
health crisis of AIDS in particular, we need to arm ourselves with a
thorough, scientifically reliable understanding of sexual behavior and
especially to study high-risk behavior. In this paper we will outline
what is currently known about American sexual behavior." American
Sexual Behavior: Trends, Socio-Demographic Differences, and Risk
Behavior
|
abc |
|
Pdf 521 kb |
|
AIDS and child labour in Zambia |
This rapid
assessment examined correlations between the HIV/Aids pandemic and
child labour in Zambia, and subsequently on the welfare of children
in terms of their health, education, etc. |
|
|
Aids takes its toll in infant mortality |
Hundreds of tiny
coffins bear witness to the extent of fatal disease |
|
|
American Sexual Behavior: Trends, Socio-Demographic Differences, and
Risk Behavior
(Large report-increase
download time)
Several Parts
Part 1
Part
2
Part 3
Part
4
|
Sexual behavior
is not only of basic biological importance, but of central social
importance. Not only does it perpetuate the human species, but it is
the central behavior around which families are formed and defined, a
vital aspect of the psychological well-being of individuals, and a
component of a variety of social problems. Among current concerns
tied in part to sexual behavior are the familial problems of marital
harmony and divorce; criminal problems of rape, incest, child
molestation, and prostitution; reproductive problems of infertility,
sterility, unwanted and mistimed pregnancies, and abortion; and
health problems related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
|
|
|
Assessing Self-Efficacy for HIV Serostatus Disclosure |
Four studies
were conducted to systematically develop scales for assessing
self-efficacy to disclose HIV status to sex partners and negotiate
safer sex practices among men and women living with HIV/AIDS |
Pdf 140 kb |
|
Breaking
the silence - Stigma, discrimination and HIV/AIDS |
Hers is not the sort of life anyone would wish on his or her
worst enemy. To describe it as rough would be an
understatement.
|
|
|
Changing attitudes to sexual morality: a cross-national comparison. |
How many sexual
revolutions can there be, before a certain scepticism arises about
whether the use of 'revolution' is apt? The so-called sexual
revolution that occurred in the 1960s was by no means the first and
doubtless will not be the last. Indeed, the term "sexual revolution"
was coined at least forty years earlier to describe the changing
sexual mores and behaviour of the 1920s and has been used to
describe different periods throughout the intervening years (Martin
1996).(1) The term 'revolution' is charged with meaning and implies
a purposive overthrow of traditional sexual morality. |
|
|
Comment: The Link between HIV Infection and Marriage |
In
most societies, cultures, and religions, the institution of marriage
marks an important transition from childhood to adulthood and plays
an essential role in social organization. In addition to the many
social and economic factors that lead (or force) people into
marriage, ideals and judgments about fidelity are pervasive
throughout society and often prioritize marriage and marital
fidelity. Laws often penalize extramarital sex, economic and health
policies encourage fidelity, religious leaders frequently condemn
infidelity as immoral, and in the general population there is often
disapproval of extramarital sex-despite the frequency with which
people fall below the ideal of marital monogamy. |
|
|
COPING WITH STIGMA, DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE: SEX
WORKERS TALK ABOUT THEIR EXPERIENCES |
Participants indicated that they experience stigma and isolation
related to moral judgments people make about the sexual nature of
the work they do. Some spoke of hiding the nature of the work they
do as a strategy to cope with the stigma attached to sex work.
Eleven of the seventeen participants indicated that they try to keep
the work they do secret and eight indicated that they lie about what
they do. Stigma emerged as a significant barrier to help seeking and
was found to hinder access to both informal and formal sources of
support. |
Pdf 924 kb |
|
Counteracting Stigma in Sexual Health Care
Settings |
Sexual health clinics and the people who visit them commonly face
stigma. Sexually transmitted infections have historically been used
to divide people into "clean" and "dirty". A grounded theory study
of the work of sixteen nurses in six Sexual Health services in New
Zealand was undertaken to explore the management of sexual health
care. The study uncovered the psychological impact of negative
social attitudes towards the people who visit sexual health services
and to the staff who work there. Sexual health nurses manage the
results of stigma daily and reveal in their interactions with
clients a process of destigmatisation. |
|
|
Dangerous Inhibitions: How America is letting AIDS become An
Epidemic of the Young |
AIDS prevention
efforts are failing America’s young people. New hope in the
treatment of AIDS has overshadowed the fact that the epidemic
continues, and that the rate of AIDS reported among younger
Americans continues to escalate. Today, one-half of all new HIV
infections in the US occur in people under the age of 25.
|
155 kb pdf
|
|
Don't
Sell my Body anymore because I can Sell Drugs |
Justine Illiria
was born in Southern Albania in 1975, in a small rural village to a
poor Muslim family. She was one of eight children and from the age
of six she would help in the fields with the tobacco harvest. The
Salamon Foundation is committed to the regeneration of community in
southern Hungary, and has particular regard for the special needs of
women and girl-children who participate in sex work. |
|
|
Education of the children of the positive people is becoming a
problem in Kerala |
. In two cases,
the children are not allowed to continue in the school where there
have been studying, though they are negative. In both places the
decision came from people's committees. This once again proves that
Kerala's high education status has only an instrumental basis, which
is of technical quality that helps to attain jobs. There is no real
quality or value so that the system rejects those who are not fit to
its instrumentality. |
|
|
EXCERCISE OF SEXUALITY AND PLEASURE OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS |
A
person with HIV/AIDS, that has been infected by sexual means, can
face the need of revealing not only his or her disease, that’s very
stigmatized, but also reveal aspects of his or her sexuality that
are not socially accepted, such as homo or bisexuality, or even,
finding him or herself involved in risk practices that are
considered denigrating, such as having several sexual partners or
excercising the sexual work. Even if the person hasn’t been
infected by sexual means, he or she can feel obligated to justify
his or her sexual activity, that starting from that moment, will
be considered “under suspicion” and will limit his or her range of
possible partners |
|
|
Further evidence of super-infection found in African sex workers and
Swiss drug injectors |
Although none of
the studies provided any major new insights in addition to the five
published studies that provided the ‘proof of principle’ that
chronic infection with one strain may not provide protection against
challenge from another, they did add something further to the
knowledge-base that might begin to answer the burning question of
how often super-infection occurs and what the clinical relevance of
super-infection might be in people on HAART. |
|
|
Gender Differences in the Timing of First Intercourse: Data from 14
Countries |
Early initiation
of intercourse and the context within which sexual activity begins
are key indicators of adolescents' potential risk for unplanned
pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted diseases. Comparative
information on the sexual behavior of male and female adolescents in
different countries assists health planners and service providers in
meeting adolescents' needs. |
|
|
|
|
Have you ever wondered how these innocent and uneducated village
belles's land up as commercial sex workers in the cities? |
Often we have
seen in movies and heard that women get sold here in the markets by
men who coax them to come to cities with the greed of marriage or
jobs. |
|
|
Health Activists Link Spread of HIV-AIDS to FGM |
"Although few clinical studies have been conducted, it is clear that
at least some forms of FGM increase the HIV transmission risk faced
by women and girls, both in that unsterile instruments may be used
in the cutting and because some FGM is associated with chronic
genital injury and tearing, ulceration and delayed healing of
injuries, all of which may increase HIV risk," the New York human
rights group concluded in a December 2003 report. |
|
|
High Incidence of Rape Exposes Girls to HIV/AIDS Infection |
Faridah Ssentongo,
10, may remain traumatised for
the rest of her life, right groups fear |
|
|
Human rights abuses & HIV transmission to girls |
After my mother
dies, I went to my mother’s mother. In 2001, she died, so I stopped
school…Then we went to my auntie, my mom’s younger sister…Most girls
find that they start keeping up with (having sex with) stepfathers
or uncles. Most are raped. They have no say. They think if you
bring them to the police, there will be no one to keep me. So they
keep quit. Each year,
children are ushered into roles they’re not supposed to perform;
heading households, unable to attend school, getting pregnant, on
the street, into commercial sex. Living with HIV/AIDS has a huge
impact on the mind of a child. They lose parents very early, and
they’re ushered into these roles
|
Pdf 607 kb |
|
HUMAN
SEXUALITY: CONDOMS: LIFE SAVERS OR KILLERS? |
In 1987, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop publicly recommended
that people use condoms to prevent the transmission of HIV, which
develops in to AIDS. Some conservative Christian organizations
attacked his stance. Phyllis Schlafly of Eagle Forum accused him
of promoting "safe fornication with condoms" as "a cover-up for the
homosexual community." Conservative anti-tobacco advocate and a
close colleague of Koop defended the Surgeon General. She said:
"I hate to be in a public debate with Phyllis Schlafly, since we have
a lot of things in common. But she is wrong about Dr. Koop....In
everything I've read in Dr. Koop's written speeches, he stresses
monogamy as the first line of defense against AIDS."
|
|
|
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC'S SEX SCANDAL |
A
measure of Islamic fundamentalists' success in controlling society
is the depth and totality with which they suppress the freedom and
rights of women. In Iran for 25 years, the ruling mullahs have
enforced humiliating and sadistic rules and punishments on women and
girls, enslaving them in a gender apartheid system of segregation,
forced veiling, second-class status, lashing and stoning to death. |
|
|
Lessons
learned in India |
As the modes of
transmission are through blood and sexual intercourse to address the
high-risk groups (sex workers; injecting drug addicts; mobile work
force, such as truck drivers, construction workers etc.) on a war
footing before it percolates to the general public seemed effective.
But we failed
miserably in preparing the ground for intervention |
|
|
Men feel uncomfortable in health settings |
Reproductive and
sexual health services have always focused on women and girls, but
little effort has gone into working with men, especially young men. |
|
|
Mentally Retarded Women and Forced
Contraceptives |
This presentation was based on whether or not mentally
retarded girls and women should be forced to use
contraceptives (for example subdermal implants or
IUDs). Debates have gone on for years over certain
cases concerning the rights and abilities of mentally
retarded persons. Are they capable of properly caring
for an infant? Is this fair to the child? Or should
forced contraceptives be used to at least "buy them
time"? One main cause of controversy is where to draw
the line. Are some mentally retarded persons more
capable than others and should this give them more
rights? Both doctors and families have disagreed on when
a person becomes incapable of caring for a child, let
alone themselves. Many also disagree on the definition
of a mentally retarded person. |
|
|
PIERCING THE VEIL OF SECRECY IN HIV/AIDS AND OTHER
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES: THEORIES OF PRIVACY AND DISCLOSURE IN
PARTNER NOTIFICATION |
At
least since their appearance in Western Europe in the late fifteenth
century, sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), or "venereal
diseases" as they were once called, have been characterized by a
remarkable paradox. Despite their endemic nature in Europe and North
America, STDs were, and still are, a "secret malady." Persons have
endeavored to keep their sexually-transmitted infections hidden from
the social world -- from their sexual partners, families, and
communities. At the same time, prevailing social mores have kept
STDs from the public consciousness and consequently have prevented
STDs from receiving public action and effective intervention. |
|
|
Preparing for adulthood: adolescent sexual and reproductive health |
The nature and
experience of adolescence vary tremendously by sex, marital status,
class, region and cultural context. As a group, however,
adolescents are generally recognized to have sexual and reproductive
health needs that differ from those of adults and which are still
poorly understood in much of the world |
494 kb pdf |
|
Prevalence of Unsafe Sexual Behavior Among HIV-infected Individuals |
Overall, 12% of
the individuals reported unsafe sex, 81% denied unsafe sex, and the
remaining 7% neither reported nor denied unsafe sex. Of those
individuals who responded, 78% received antiretroviral therapy, and
25% had optimal viral suppression with viral loads of <50 copies/mL
during the preceding 12 months |
|
|
Prostitution: Causes and Solutions |
Around the world today, there is a human rights crisis of sexual
abuse of millions of women, children, and thousands of men in
prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation. There are
regions of the world where prostitution has gone from being almost
non-existent to a hundred million dollar moneymaking industry. |
Pdf 31 kb |
|
Prostitution: Then and Now |
When thinking about trades that have been around for centuries
prostitution is not one that normally comes to mind yet it is
claimed to be one of the oldest of professions. People have very
different views on the subject of prostitution. Since Mesopotamian
times, attitudes surrounding prostitution have evolved and changed
many times from a celebrated necessity to a cultural evil. The
United States Victorian era (1840-1900) experienced the same
evolution of thoughts as their prostitutes experienced empathy in
the beginning of the century then utter rejection towards the end.
The twentieth century on through to the twenty-first has kept the
ideals of the latter Victorians. American society’s outlook towards
prostitution has not changed in over a century and a half because
the societal views and the debate over a solution remain the same.
|
|
|
Rapes fuel Bangladesh AIDS crisis |
|
|
|
Rape in War: Challenging the Tradition of Impunity
|
Reports of rape in the former Yugoslavia have brought much deserved
and long overdue international attention to the issue of rape in
war. This attention has highlighted the abusive character of wartime
rape, but it also has revealed the persistent misunderstandings
regarding rape's prevalence, function, and motivation in war.
Moreover, efforts to ensure that rape is prosecuted effectively by
the International Tribunal established to try war crimes committed
in the former Yugoslavia have underscored the difficulties in
applying international human rights and humanitarian law to rape. In
order to overcome these difficulties and to end the appalling
history of impunity for this abuse, rape in conflict must be
understood as an abuse that targets women for political and
strategic reasons. |
|
|
REFRAMING WOMEN'S RISK: Social Inequalities and HIV Infection |
Social
inequalities lie at the heart of risk of HIV infection among women
in the United States. As of December, 1995, 71,818 US women had
developed AIDS-defining diagnoses. |
|
|
|
|
Risk, Morality, and Blame: A Critical Analysis of Government and
Donor Responses to HIV Infections Among Sex Workers in India |
India is one of five
countries that were classified by the US National Intelligence
Council in 2002 as representing the second wave of the HIV/AIDS
epidemic. Current estimates put the total of those infected with
HIV in India at 4.5 million, with projections for the number of
infections to rise to anywhere between 9 to 25 million by 2010. |
302 kb pdf |
|
Sex and HIV: Behaviour-Change
Trial Shows No Link |
A UK funded trial
aimed at reducing the spread of Aids in Uganda by modifying sexual
behaviour appears to have had little discernible effect.
|
|
|
Sex and youth: contextual factors affecting risk for HIV/AIDS
|
This bare summary
of 3 pioneering sets of studies investigations into the determinants
of HIV-related vulnerability cannot convey the extraordinary wealth
of data and the richness of experiences and feeling reported by the
participants with striking frankness. |
314 kb pdf
|
|
Sex Education for Physically, Emotionally,
and Mentally Challenged Youth |
In
recent years, important changes in public policies and attitudes
have resulted in improved opportunities for people with physical and
mental disabilities. Now, people living with disabilities assume
their rightful place in society as the equals of non-disabled
people. Unfortunately, societal attitudes have changed less in
regard to sexuality
and disability. Even today, many people refuse to acknowledge that
all people have sexual feelings, needs, and desires, regardless of
their physical and/or mental abilities. As a result, many young
people who live with disabilities do not receive sex education,
either in school or at home. |
|
|
Sex for Sale,
Legally |
Though some
governments are still trying to crack down on prostitution, others
are realising that it is better to legalise and license it than to
suffer the ill effects of driving it underground. New Zealand has
just done so; Belgium looks set to be next. |
|
|
Sex Work
in the South |
In recent times,
prompted by the concern over the spread of HIV/AIDS, commercial sex
workers have been the focus of a great deal of attention, primarily
with the aim of promoting safe sex as a method of preventing
disease. Despite the numerous groups active among sex workers, and
despite the government’s professed interest in the matter, there has
been no accurate assessment of the total number of people practising
the profession in India |
|
|
Sex Workers and the Cost of Safe Sex |
There have been few
epidemics in the last century which have affected living standards
as severely in the developing world as the HIV-AIDS crisis…The
epidemic is particularly devastating because it strikes the most
productive members of the population—young adults…Given that the
disease has no effective vaccine or cure, and that sex work plays a
central role in its growth, promoting the use of condoms and other
safe sex practices among sex workers is considered perhaps the most
effective method of preventing the spread of the epidemic |
98 kb pdf |
|
Sex Workers Join Efforts to Contain Spread of AIDS |
Commercial sex
workers are not responsible for
the rise in AIDS cases regionally, but their activities do
contribute, and efforts to contain the spread of HIV now include
members of the world's oldest profession |
|
|
Sex
workers problems in Greece |
This law in
Greece it's unconstitutional and can't make things work because you
can't find a place in Athens which is 200 metre [away] from
churches, schools youth centers public squares public buildings etc. |
|
|
SEXUAL ASSAULT IN PRISON: THE NUMBERS ARE FAR FROM FUNNY |
The number of prison rapes can be compared with the estimated
135,000 female sexual assaults that occur outside of prison walls
every year. The causes which lead an individual into an environment
conducive to sexual assaults are without question complex; however,
according to the literature, broad generalizations--while keeping
their inherent weaknesses in mind--can be made. For instance, the
power structure within male prisons are quite dissimilar or
non-existent compared with those exclusively housing females; male
prisons view coercive sex both as a means to exert one's aggressive
dominance in the hierarchy of power as well as a sexual outlet;
female prisons tend to lack the explicit display of the power
hierarchy, which in turn, can effect the meanings that are placed in
sexual acts. |
|
|
Sexual behavior among Vietnamese married women |
While sex is
love, excitement, and joy, in Vietnam existing studies also portray
sexual activity as a source of weakness, fatigue and even an extra
burden for women. They bear high rates of abortion and reproductive
tract infections. |
|
|
Sexual Behavior, HIV & Family Trends |
The USAID-supported
ABC Study examines how prevention behaviors may have affected HIV
prevalence as well as fertility patterns in three countries where
HIV prevalence declined furing the 1990s and in three countries
where it appears not to have declined. |
Pdf 3,541 kb |
|
Sexual Experiences and Their Correlates Among College Students
in Mumbai City, India |
Traditional
norms and the role of the family are losing their importance in
governing young people’s sexual behavior in India. School-based
sexuality programs are needed that will provide students with
accurate information about pregnancy, contraception and sexually
transmitted diseases. |
434 kb pdf |
|
Sexual Prejudice:
Motivations |
A variety of
motivations underlie sexual prejudice. One way to understand those
motives is to ask how a particular heterosexual's antigay attitudes
benefit her or him psychologically. |
|
|
Sexual risk
behaviours, perceptions and norms among unmarried adolescents:
evidence from case studies |
About
one-fourth of boys in this particular sample had engaged in
risky premarital sex, and their sexual networks included
multiple partners and unsafe sex. They carried misperceptions
about what constituted risky behavious and therefore did not
consider themselves at risk. Although many girls were aware
that some boys had sexual relations with their peers and that
some went to ‘red light areas’ they did not perceive any risk of
contracting HIV from their future partner or spouse. |
29 kb pdf |
|
SEXUALITY AS PART OF LIFE IN AN ERA OF
HIV/AIDS |
Every human being is a
primary manifestation of life forces which flow through each and
every one of us as part of that which energizes us. Part
of this life force is sexual energy. It is life enhancing. It is
inherent in all of us from birth. It is also powerful. |
|
|
Sexuality- Study Finds That Teenage Virginity Pledges Are Rarely
Kept |
Among teenagers who pledged not to have sex before marriage,
a majority did not live up to their vows, according to a national study
reported here on Tuesday. The teenagers also developed sexually
transmitted diseases at about the same rate as adolescents who
had not made such pledges.
|
|
|
Sexuality, sin and disease - Theological and Ethical Issues Posed by
HIV/AIDS to the Churches |
I offer these reflections to the theological discussion on AIDS from
the perspective of a physician specializing in immunology. As a
Christian - though not a formal theologian - I hope my comments will
contribute to the understanding of this pandemic and suggest some
ways those of us in the churches can approach it. I will concentrate
on the medical but also psychological aspects of the problem, for
these are an important factor in how the problem of AIDS is
perceived, and in our reactions to it. I will also explore the
themes of sin and guilt in relation to AIDS |
|
|
Should Mentally Retarded People Be Allowed
to Raise Children? |
Mentally retarded people face constant scrutiny regarding their
decisions: from how they take care of themselves, to their capacity
to have a job, and their ability to raise a child. Whether this
scrutiny is justifiable or not is debatable, especially as many more
mentally retarded people choose to get married and have children. |
|
|
Sterlilisation and Sexuality in the
Mentally Handicapped |
This article analyses the historical and psychosocial background of
the sterilisation of mentally handicapped individuals in France and
investigates the relationship between their sexuality and their
sterilisation. Sterilisation of the mentally handicapped has been
used as a method for controlling their sexual activity. The
processes and situations leading to the sterilisation of the
mentally handicapped are described and discussed. |
|
|
Summary of HIV Prevalence and Sexual
Behavior Findings |
This study compares
levels and trends of behavioral indicators such as abstinence and
age of sexual debut among youth, faithfulness in sexual
relationships, multiple sexual partners, and condom use. |
288 kb pdf |
|
Survey on STI among female sex workers in 5 border provinces of
Vietnam |
STIs and HIV
among FSWs are important public heath problems
in the border provinces of Vietnam although epidemic patterns appear
different between northern, central and southern regions. |
|
|
Survey Suggests Lack of Awareness
Heightens Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
New survey results
unveiled today by the American Social Health Association (ASHA) - an
organization dedicated to preventing sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs) -- suggest that lack of awareness may put Americans at risk
for contracting STDs. |
|
|
The Role of Sex Workers in Preventing Sexual Exploitation of
Children |
The laws are formulated to save the women from exploitation but in
reality, the enforcers make their life hell by using the self same
law. We save the women by putting them behind bars, punishing them
with fines and beating them up for not wanting to be saved |
Pdf 31 kb |
|
The Secret War on Condoms
|
Conservative
groups in Pres Bush's support base have launched disinformation
campaign about effectiveness of condoms that, if successful, could
lead to millions of deaths from AIDS around world; says they do not
realize that disparaging condoms is far more likely to discourage
their use than to discourage sex |
|
|
The stigmatisation of sex workers |
Stigmatisation and discrimination against sex workers are important
issues to be aware of in the context of equal access to quality
health care services and the attitudes of health workers. Health
care is not a guaranteed service for sex workers, whose work, in
addition to being illegal, is considered 'immoral' by many. The
HIV/AIDS epidemic is of particular importance, with countries who
openly and practically address the institution of sex work and the
needs of sex workers (for example by providing condoms, access to
voluntary counselling and testing, and by applying harm reduction)
experiencing greater success in curbing HIV prevalence rates
overall. Addressing violence against sex workers should form an
integral part of HIV/AIDS-related interventions in this sector |
|
|
THE WAR AGAINST YOUNG PEOPLES’ SEXUALITY |
It is the thesis of this
essay that young people are far more harmed by misguided attempts at
“protection” than they would be by having full access to honest
information about sexual health and safety.We
need to confront the continuing national panic and convincingly
argue that socially conservative beliefs and policies are largely to
blame for the problems they purport to address. |
|
|
Teenagers traded for slave labour and sex |
Today, a new
international study reveals that Britain has become an easy target
for child trafficking gangs. In a special report, |
|
|
Where
men make a difference |
In all societies,
men are known to engage in high risk activities for acquisition of
HIV....Due to the high risk behaviour of men, their female sexual
partners are at high risk of acquiring HIV infection. HIV is
also more easily transmitted from the male to the female due to
biological reasons |
78 kb pdf |
|
Women being cheated into marriage by HIV-positive Men |
A SWAPO
parliamentarian claims that some women are being cheated into
marriage by men who lie about their HIV status. |
|
|
WOMEN HIV AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE
(Large file-increase download time) |
Women around the world are threatened by HIV/AIDS on a scale
unimagined twenty or even ten years ago. Roughly 18 million women
are now living with HIV/AIDS—one million more than in 2003—according
to UNAIDS. Long-term reversal of this trend is dependent on a
thorough understanding of the factors—biomedical, behavioral,
social, and cultural—that underpin the susceptibility of women to
HIV infection and its consequences, and the development of
gender-appropriate interventions to address them. |
Pdf 1394 kb |
** In order to
view PDF files, you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your
computer. Many computers already have this software; however, if you
need it, a free copy is available for download at this site:
Click
here to get Adobe Acrobat Reader.
